土耳其哪个作家最出名

‘壹’ 2006年度诺贝尔文学奖授予土耳其作家奥罕-帕慕克访谈

10月12日,瑞典皇家科学院诺贝尔奖委员会宣布将2006年度诺贝尔文学奖授予土耳其作家奥罕-帕慕克。扰昌庆瑞典文学院在颁奖公告中说，授予贝尔文学奖的理由是“在追求他故乡忧郁的灵魂时发现了文明之间的冲突和交错的新象征（who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures）。”

帕慕克被认为是当代欧洲最核心的三位文学家之一，是享誉国际的土耳其文坛巨擘。他的作品迅贺已被译成40多种语言出版。文学评论家把他和普鲁斯特、托马斯-曼、卡尔维诺、博尔赫斯、安伯托-艾柯等大师相提并论。 其作品包括:《塞夫得特州长和他的儿子们》（1979）、《寂静的房子》（1983）、《白色城堡》（1985）、《黑书》（1990）、《新人生》（1997）、《我的名字叫红》（1998）、《雪》（2002）、《伊斯坦布尔》（2005）。帕慕克生平请点这里: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2006/pamuk-bibl.html

[Orhan Pamuk] –缓握 Hello.

[Adam Smith] – Hello, may I speak to Orhan Pamuk please? Hello?

[OP] – Hello.

[AS] – Hello, may I speak to Orhan Pamuk please?

[OP] – Speaking.

[AS] – Oh, my name is Adam Smith and I'm calling from the official website of the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm.

[OP] – Yes.

[AS] – We have a tradition of recording very short conversations with new Laureates immediately after the announcements.

[OP] – OK.

[AS] – So, first of all, many, many congratulations on being awarded ……

[OP] – Oh, thank you very much. It's such a great honour.

[AS] – I gather you're in New York. What were you doing when you received the news?

[OP] – Oh, I was sleeping, and thinking that, in a hour, probably they will announce the Nobel Prize, and then someone would maybe tell me who won it. And then I'm thinking, so what am I going to do, what's today's work? And I'm a little bit sleepy. And then the phone call, and then I'm "Oh, it's already half past seven". You know, this is New York and I don't know the light, so I don't feel pretty …… And I answered, and they said I won the Nobel Prize.

[AS] – That's an extraordinary phone call to receive. There was an enormous cheer went up at the press conference when they announced the prize.

[OP] – Really, of that's great, I'm very happy to hear this. This is great.

[AS] – We've recorded it on the website so you can, when finally you get off the phone you can go and relive the moment.

[OP] – And also I saw so many journalists you know, wanted me to have it, so I'm pleased about that. I'm very pleased about all these details. Thank you very much, sir.

[AS] – You're the first ever Turkish writer to be awarded a Nobel Prize for Literature. Does that give the award a special significance for you?

[OP] – Well, unfortunately, that makes the thing very precious in Turkey, which is good for Turkey of course, getting this prize, but makes it more extra sensitive and political and it somehow tends to make it as a sort of a burden.

[AS] – Yes, because it's been quite a public year for you.

[OP] – Yes.

[AS] – So I imagine this will add to that. The citation for the award refers particularly to your "quest for the melancholic soul of （your） native city", and there's an extremely long tradition of writing about Istanbul, and in praise of Istanbul. Could you describe briefly what it is about the city that has acted as such a strong draw for people's imagination over the years?

[OP] – Well, it was at the edge of Europe, but different. So it was the closest 'other'. And it was really both close and, in a way, other. Mysterious, strange, uncompromising and totally un-European in ways, although in its spirit there was such a great place for Europe [words unclear].

[AS] – And referring to the phrase "melancholic soul", how would you describe Istanbul to those who've never seen it?

[OP] – I would say that it's one of the early modern cities where modernity decayed earlier than expected. I would say that the ruins of the past gave the city its melancholy, along with its poverty. But then I would also say that it's now recovering from this melancholy, hopefully.

[AS] – And another facet of your writing that was particularly emphasized in the citation, from the Committee, is the way that you deal with the interactions between different cultures. And of course it's a cliché to say that Turkey lies at the crossroads between East and West, but it does presumably offer the perfect vantage point from which to view the cross-cultural interface?

[OP] – This meet of East and West and clash of civilizations, this is unfortunately one of the most dangerous and horrific ideas that have been proced in the last twenty years, and is now serving for…… This fanciful idea is now unfortunately getting to be real, and this theory is serving the clash of civilizations and the deaths of so many people.

[AS] – Because historically there has really been much more mixing of cultures than is popularly supposed.

[OP] – Culture is mix. Culture means a mix of things from other sources. And my town, Istanbul, was this kind of mix. Istanbul, in fact, and my work, is a testimony to the fact that East and West combine cultural gracefully, or sometimes in an anarchic way, came together, and that is what we should search for. This is getting to be a good interview by the way.

[AS] – Thank you, that's very kind of you. Many of your characters might be said to embody multiple cultural influences. I mean your writing indicates that they're far from uniformly either Eastern or Western, it's a mix.

[OP] – Yes.

[AS] – Do you write solely in Turkish?

[OP] – Yes. I think I wrote some six or seven articles in English, in international magazines, in Times Literary Supplement, in Village Voice.

[AS] – So there are presumably ……

[OP] – But of course I'm a Turkish writer, essentially, and live in the language. Language is me, in a way. Really, I feel it.

[AS] – Right, and there are ideas that you can express in Turkish, I assume, that would be very hard to capture in other languages?

[OP] – Exactly. Because thinking is composed of two things; language and images, and then yeah, half of thinking is the language. I agree, yes sir, please ask the question.

[AS] – Well, could you give an example of a concept that ……

[OP] – Wow! I can of course, but not on the day that I have received the Nobel Prize.

[AS] – That's fair enough, you don't really have to answer any questions on the day you receive the Nobel Prize.

[OP] – Yeah, OK.

[AS] – You can say anything you like.

[OP] – OK, thank you very much sir.

[AS] – So then an easy question. I mean the award will encourage a lot of new readers to dip into your work for the first time. Where would you recommend they start? What would you suggest to people, and also ……

[OP] – Oh, depending on the reader of course; the reader who buys books because the writer has received the Nobel Prize should start with My name is red. The reader who has already read that book should continue with The black book. The reader who is interested in more contemporary issues and politics should go ahead with Snow, so forth and so on.

[AS] – Wonderful, wonderful. And if your readers are lucky enough to be able to read in multiple languages, but can't manage Turkish, do you have a recommendation for which language most excellently captures the spirit?

[OP] – Of course English is the world's language now, and that's the language I've been checking my books with, and I'm proud with my translator and I'm also confident. So, basically English translations.

[AS] – OK, thank you very much.

[OP] – Thanks, as you see I'm a tiful good boy, I did my homework very well now.

[AS] – Very well indeed! No, I'm thrilled with your cooperation. Thank you very much.

[OP] – Bye, bye. I'm have to hang now because my agent is calling and others, so many responsibilities that I have to address.

[AS] – Of course, quite so, thank you for sparing the time. See you soon, bye, bye.

[OP] – OK, bye, bye.

‘贰’ 凯末尔为什么被称为“土耳其之父”

因为凯末尔击败协约国军队，取得了土耳其独立战争的胜利。
穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔土克（土耳其语：Mustafa Kemal Atatürk，1881年5月19日－1938年11月10日），土耳其的国父，被赐予Atatürk（阿塔土克）就是“土耳其人之父亲”一姓。土耳其军事家、政治家、改革家、作家，土耳其共和国第一任总统、总理及国民议会议长。
1881年5月19日出生于奥斯曼帝国的萨洛尼卡。1895年升入玛纳斯提军事预备学校，1899年进入伊斯坦布尔军官学校，1902年进入哈拜参谋学院。1905年毕业，授上尉军衔。1911年参加意土战争。1915年晋升为上校，指挥了着名的加里波利之战。1916年晋升为将军。1920年在安卡拉召开大国民议会，宣布组成代表国家的临时政府。1921年8月任国民军全权总司令，击败协约国军队，取得了土耳其独立战争的胜利。1923年10月29日，土耳其共和国正式成立，凯末尔当选为首任总统。
执政期间，凯末尔施行了一系列改革，史称凯末尔改革，涉及国家体制、法制、经济、文化教育、社会生活习俗等诸多方面，使土耳其成为世俗国家，为土耳其的现代化奠定了良好的基础。1938年11月10日在伊斯坦布尔去世，享年57岁。

‘叁’ 土耳其“革新时期”有哪些着名的作家和作品

这时着名的作家有锡纳西(1826－1871)、纳默克·凯马尔(1840－1888)和齐亚·帕夏(1825－1880)等。锡纳西于1859至1860年间首次翻译了法国的诗歌，创作了第一个剧本《诗人的婚姻》；阿卜杜尔·哈克·哈米德(1851－1937)最早接受欧洲诗歌的格律，对土耳其诗歌进行了重大的改革。

‘肆’ 奥罕·帕慕克生平简介是怎样的

奥罕·帕慕克简介：姓名：奥罕·帕慕克(OrhanPamuk)；

出生年代：1952年；

职称：作家；

国家：伊斯坦堡；

个人情况：奥尔罕·帕慕克于1952年出生于伊斯坦堡，在伊斯坦布尔科技大学他主修建筑。他是当今土耳其最重要也最畅销的作家。文学评论家把他和普鲁斯特、托马斯·曼、卡尔维诺、波赫士、安伯托·艾柯等大师相提并论。

1979年他的第一部作品《塞夫得特州长和他的儿子们》得到《土耳其日报》小说首奖，在1982年出版后，1983年再度赢得奥尔罕·凯马尔小说奖。1983年出版第二本小说《寂静的房子》，并于1991年获得得到欧洲发现奖。

1985年出版第一本历史小说《白色城堡》，这本小说让他享誉全球，从而他被称为“一位新星正在东方诞生——土耳其作家奥罕·帕慕克。”

1990年出版《黑书》是一个里程碑，这本小说让他在土耳其文学圈备受争议的同时也广受一般读者喜爱。法文版获得了法兰西文化奖。1992年他以这本小说为蓝本，完成《隐蔽的脸》的电影剧本。1997年《新人生》一书的出版在土耳其造成轰动，成为土耳其历史上销售速度最快的书籍。1998年《我的名字叫红》出版，这本书确定了他在国际文坛上的文学地位；获得2003年都柏林文学奖，这个奖奖金高达10万欧元，是全世界奖金最高的文学奖，同时还赢得了法国文艺奖和意大利格林扎纳卡佛文学奖。2002年作者发表小说《雪》。

2005年作者的新作《伊斯坦布尔》被诺贝尔文学奖提名。同年获得德国书业和平奖。2006年10月12日当地时间下午13时，瑞典皇家科学院诺贝尔奖委员会宣布将这一年度诺贝尔文学奖授予土耳其作家奥罕·帕慕克。

‘伍’ 06诺贝尔文学奖得主是谁国籍、代表作

06年诺贝尔文学奖得主
12日19时，瑞典皇家科学院诺贝尔奖委员会宣布将2006年度诺贝尔文学奖授予土耳其作家奥罕·帕慕克。今年诺贝尔文学奖的得主，将获得1000万瑞典克朗(约合137万美元)的奖金。
奥罕·帕慕克于1952年出生于伊斯坦布尔，学习建筑的他是当今土耳其最重要也最畅销的作家。自1979年出版第一部小说《塞夫得特州长和他的儿子们》以来，帕慕克的写作生涯可谓荣誉等身，曾获得欧洲发现奖、美国独立小说奖、法国文艺奖、德国书业和平奖等多种荣耀。

1985年出版的第一本历史小说《白色城堡》让他享誉全球，纽约时报书评称他：“一位新星正在东方诞生———土耳其作家奥罕·帕慕克。”

1998年奥罕·帕慕克《我的名字叫红》出版，这本书确立了他在国际文坛上的地位，并于2003年获得都柏林文学奖，这是达10万欧元的全世界奖金最高的文学奖，同时还赢得了法国文艺奖和意大利格林扎纳纳卡佛文学奖，成为包揽欧洲三大文学奖项的当代文学大师。地理上伊斯坦布尔是欧洲的最边缘，帕慕克的小说却站上了欧洲文学的主流位置。

瑞典文学院在颁奖公告中说，授予他诺贝尔文学奖的理由是“在追求他故乡忧郁的灵魂时发现了文明之间的冲突和交错的新象征。”

(很庆幸这次诺贝尔文学奖没有发给中国作家，现在的中国作家似乎都不愿意去对这个奖项发表观点与意见，然而逃避终究带不来耀眼的光环与荣耀。王朔说中国作家的心思都去争茅盾文学奖了，这是种具有麻痹性的自我安慰。它不仅象征着对区域文化的认可，而且象征着通往文学圣殿的门票。他不只是留给本区域的宝贵文化遗产，同样给世界的文明增添一笔异样色彩，惟有获此殊荣的人，才有资格与那些文学大师与巨擘们谈论相关人类世界的文明。)

‘陆’ 欧洲当代文坛三巨头是谁我知道其中一个是写《我的名字叫红》的土耳其人帕慕克，求另外两个，谢谢

（土耳其）奥尔罕·帕慕克、（意大利）伊塔洛·卡尔维诺、（意大利）安伯托·艾柯。注意是“欧洲当代文坛三巨头”，这里的当代应该是以上三人无疑，而普鲁斯特（法国）、托马斯曼（德国），不能被定义为当代，而应该说这二位是欧洲现代或近代的世界级的大作家，当然要论现有的作家影响普鲁斯特和托马斯曼显然要大于另外三位，因为他们都已作古其作品已经被世界公认并产生了极其深远的影响，可以去读一读普鲁斯特的意识流名着《追忆似水年华》和托马斯曼的诺奖大作《魔山》和《布登勃洛克一家》。

‘柒’ 依据20世纪40年代历史背景土耳其有哪些着名的长篇小说

土耳其在长篇小说方面，着名作家亚库普·卡德里的《外人》（1932)，哈莉黛·埃迪普的《有苍蝇的杂货铺》（1936)及雷沙特·努里·君泰金的《戴菊鸟》(1922)，都用通俗易懂的语言真实地反映了当时的社会问题和人民生活，因而深受欢迎。20世纪30—50年代之间出现的萨巴哈丁·阿里、萨德利·埃尔泰姆（1900—1943)和雷沙特·埃尼斯（1909—)等作家，大多以城市贫民、士兵、农民、工人、囚犯和流亡者的生活为题材。埃尔泰姆的《当纺车停转的时候》(1931)是土耳其文学史上第一部反映农村阶级斗争的小说。雷沙特·埃尼斯的长篇小说《泥土气息》(1944)，描写了一个贫苦家庭的悲惨命运，反映了农民遭受剥削的处境，成为40年代的名着之一。